Git is a version control system (VCS) for tracking changes in files and coordinating work on those files among multiple people. It is primarily used for source code management in software development, but it can be used to keep track of changes in any set of files.It was created by Linus Torvalds in 2005 for development of the Linux kernel, with other kernel developers contributing to its initial development.

What can git do?

  • keep track of changes to your code
  • Synchronize code between different people
  • Test changes to code without losing the original
  • Revert back to an older version of the code

Some terminologies

Repository or “repo”:

A directory or storage space where your projects can live. It can be a local folder on your computer, or it can be a storage space on GitHub or another online host.

Fork and Pull request:

Forking = creating your own personal copy of someone else’s project. Forks act as a sort of bridge between the original repository and your personal copy. You can submit Pull Requests to help make other people’s projects better by offering your changes up to the original project.

Steps for submitting pull requests:

  • Fork a github repository to your own github account.
  • Clone the forked repository to your local computer.
  • Make changes in the local repository and commit them.
  • Push the local repository to your github account.
  • Make a pull request through github account.

Commands

1. init

  • The git init command creates a new Git repository. It can be used to convert an existing, unversioned project to a Git repository or initialize a new, empty repository. Most other Git commands are not available outside of an initialized repository, so this is usually the first command you’ll run in a new project.

  • This command creates an empty Git repository - basically a .git directory with subdirectories for objects , refs/heads , refs/tags , and template files. An initial HEAD file that references the HEAD of the master branch is also created. Running git init in an existing repository is safe.

  • To transform the current directory into a git repository, use the following command: 
    git init
  • To create a git repository in a specified directory, use the following command: 
    git init [directory]

2. clone

  • This command is used for cloning an existing repository.Internally, git clone first calls git init to create a new repository. It then copies the data from the existing repository. 
    git clone [repo_url]

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